Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Potential Effect on Fetus
- Neonatal/childhood HIV infection
Rate of Perinatal Transmission
- 25% (rate reduced to less than 1% with suppressive triple antiretroviral therapy)
- majority of infants infected in 3rd trimester or at time of delivery.
- transmission may also occur with breastfeeding (5-20%).
Maternal Screening
- Routine HIV antibody (performed in 1st trimester).
- Repeat in 3rd trimester if high risk for HIV.
Prevention
- Avoid high risk behavior.
- For documented HIV exposure in pregnancy, consult Infectious Diseases.
- If HIV positive, consult Infectious Diseases and Maternal/Fetal specialist or experts in perinatal HIV disease.
- Avoid breastfeeding.